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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
A10BD20 FLORIMET 5/1000 G Metformin - 1000mg, Empagliflozin - 5mg Tablet, film coated 1,836,585 L.L
B01AF01 RIBAVAN G Rivaroxaban - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 1,343,843 L.L
B05CX01 10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Dextrose,H2O - 10g/100ml 10% Injectable solution 165,482 L.L
C02KX01 TRACTAN G Bosentan (monohydrate) - 125mg 125mg Tablet, film coated 47,747,570 L.L
C09BB07 RAMIPRIL/AMLODIPINE GENERICON G Ramipril - 10mg, Amlodipine - 5mg Capsule, hard 1,358,625 L.L
C10AA05 ATORVAKEY-20 G Atorvastatin (calcium) - 20mg 20mg Tablet 362,837 L.L
D07AD01 CLOBEVAT G Clobetasol (propionate) - 0.05% 0.05% Ointment 302,045 L.L
G04BE08 DURALIS G Tadalafil - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 1,204,979 L.L
J01CR02 AMOCLAN BID G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 400mg/5ml, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 57.1mg/5ml 457mg/57mg Tablet, chewable 892,311 L.L
J01MA02 ESTECINA 500MG G Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 618,168 L.L
L01EF01 PAPILLIO G Palbociclib - 125mg 125mg Capsule, hard 147,883,080 L.L
M01AE03 SOLKET G Ketoprofen Lysine salt - 80mg 80mg Powder for solution 636,981 L.L
N02AX02 TRAMADOL DENK 50 G Tramadol HCl - 50mg 50mg Tablet, effervescent 256,674 L.L
N06AB10 ZELAX 10 G Escitalopram (oxalate) - 10mg 10mg Caplet 833,182 L.L
R03AC02 SALBUTAMOL SULFATE G Salbutamol (sulfate) - 2mg 2mg Tablet, scored 401,873 L.L
R06AX27 RINA 5 G Desloratadine - 5mg 0.5mg/ml Tablet, film coated 134,384 L.L
A01AB09 MICOZOLE G Miconazole - 20mg/g 20mg/g Gel 104,820 L.L
B01AF01 RIXALTA 20 G Rivaroxaban - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 1,164,664 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE G Dextrose, H2O - 10g/100ml 10g/100ml Injectable solution 170,630 L.L
C09BB07 RAMIPRIL/AMLODIPINE GENERICON G Ramipril - 10mg, Amlodipine - 10mg Capsule, hard 1,358,625 L.L
C10AA05 ATORVASTATIN PHARMADEX G Atorvastatin - 20mg 20mg Tablet 769,190 L.L
D07AD01 DECLOBAN G Clobetasol (propionate) - 0.05% 0.05% Ointment 302,045 L.L
G04BE08 DURALIS G Tadalafil - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 624,567 L.L
J01CR02 POSMOX G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 875mg, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 125mg 1g Powder 616,824 L.L
J01MA02 LADININ G Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 572,393 L.L
L03AX16 REVIXIL 20 G Plerixafor - 20mg/ml 20mg/ml Injectable solution 248,280,900 L.L
M01AE03 SOLKET INFLAMMATION AND PAIN G Ketoprofen Lysine salt - 0.16% 0.16% Spray 946,065 L.L
A01AB09 MYCOHEAL G Miconazole nitrate - 20mg/g 20mg/g Gel 210,983 L.L
A10BF01 GLUFIX G Acarbose - 50mg 50mg Tablet 1,294,120 L.L
B01AF01 VAROXA G Rivaroxaban - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 1,343,843 L.L
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