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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
G04BD08 SOLIFAS G Solifenacin succinate - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 971,598 L.L
J01CR02 AMOCLAN BID G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 200mg/5ml, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 28.5mg/5ml 228.5mg/5ml Powder for suspension 345,368 L.L
J01FA10 AZM-500 G Azithromycin - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 448,843 L.L
L01EB01 GEFITINIB ARROW G Gefitinib - 250mg 250mg Tablet, coated 82,079,679 L.L
L02BG04 LETROZOLE BIOGARAN G Letrozole - 2.5mg 2.5mg Tablet, coated 2,402,790 L.L
N01BB58 ARTICAINE MEDIS ADRENALINE G Articaine HCl - 40mg/ml, Adrenaline - 0.07mg/ml Injectable solution 1,881,380 L.L
R01AA07 XYLO-COMOD G Xylometazoline HCl - 0.1% 0.1% Solution 499,909 L.L
A01AB09 MICOZOLE G Miconazole - 20mg/g 20mg/g Gel 104,820 L.L
A06AD11 DULACTA G Lactulose - 3.335g/5ml 3.335g/5ml Solution 566,974 L.L
B01AF01 ZARLAN G Rivaroxaban - 15mg 15mg Tablet, film coated 2,015,764 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE G Dextrose, H2O - 30g/100ml 30g/100ml Injectable solution 944,626 L.L
C09BA05 TRILTEC PLUS G Ramipril - 5mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet 2,189,823 L.L
C10AA05 STORVAS G Atorvastatin (calcium) - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 362,837 L.L
D07AC13 ELICA G Mometasone furoate - 1mg/g 0.1% Cream 341,336 L.L
G04BD08 SOLIFENACINE ARROW G Solifenacin succinate - 10mg 10mg Tablet 952,784 L.L
J01FA10 ZITHROFORTE G Azithromycin (dihydrate) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 485,127 L.L
L01EB01 GEFITINIB BIOGARAN G Gefitinib - 250mg 250mg Tablet, coated 83,754,191 L.L
L02BG04 LETROZOLE NEAPOLIS G Letrozole - 2.5mg 2.5mg Tablet, film coated 2,060,111 L.L
M01AC02 REUTENOX G Tenoxicam - 20mg 20mg Tablet, coated 576,508 L.L
N01BB58 ORABLOC G Articaine HCl - 4%, Epinephrine (tartrate) - 1/100.000 Injectable solution 2,308,721 L.L
N03AX16 GABRIKA 150 G Pregabalin - 150mg 150mg Capsule 819,104 L.L
R01AB01 VAPICIL MICRODOSER G Phenylephrine - 2.5mg/ml, Dimethindene maleate - 0.25mg/ml Spray 239,204 L.L
R06AE09 CALIVIDA G Levocetirizine dihydrochloride - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 447,948 L.L
A01AB09 MYCOHEAL G Miconazole nitrate - 20mg/g 20mg/g Gel 210,983 L.L
A10BD20 EMPAZIMET G Metformin HCl - 1000mg, Empagliflozin - 5mg Tablet, film coated 1,840,168 L.L
B01AF01 ZARLAN G Rivaroxaban - 15mg 15mg Tablet, film coated 1,343,843 L.L
B05CX01 GLUCOSE INJ. G Glucose - 6g/20ml 30% Injectable solution 5,157,668 L.L
C10AA05 TARDELIP G Atorvastatin - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 688,559 L.L
D07AC13 ELISONE G Mometasone furoate - 0.1% 0.1% Cream 249,955 L.L
G04BD08 URICARE G Solifenacin succinate - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 1,334,884 L.L
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