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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
N02AA01 MORPHINE (CHLORHYDRATE) RENAUDIN G Morphine HCl - 1mg/ml 1mg/ml Injectable solution 626,231 L.L
N03AX16 PLENICA G Pregabalin - 150mg 150mg Capsule 997,131 L.L
N06AB03 OXETINE 20 G Fluoxetine (HCl) - 20mg 20mg Tablet, coated 362,837 L.L
R01AB06 NARIX G Xylometazoline HCl - 90mcg/actuation, Carbocisteine - 900mcg/actuation Spray 518,339 L.L
R06AE09 ZOLICIN G Levocetirizine dihydrochloride - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 228,453 L.L
L04AX04 LENOMA G Lenalidomide - 10mg 10mg Capsule, hard L.L
A10BF01 GLUFIX G Acarbose - 50mg 50mg Tablet 1,294,120 L.L
B01AF01 RIXALTA 20 G Rivaroxaban - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 1,164,664 L.L
B05CX01 10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Dextrose,H2O - 10g/100ml 10% Injectable solution 194,211 L.L
C02CA04 CURCARD G Doxazosin (mesylate) - 4mg 4mg Tablet 452,875 L.L
C09BB04 PRESORYL PLUS G Perindopril arginine - 5mg, Amlodipine (besylate) - 5mg Tablet 557,695 L.L
C10AA05 TORVALIP 10 G Atorvastatin (calcium) - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 767,910 L.L
D07AC13 XEMADERM G Mometasone furoate - 0.1% 0.1% Cream 335,961 L.L
J01CR02 MEGAMOX-JPI G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 400mg/5ml, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 57mg/5ml 457mg/5ml Suspension 435,405 L.L
J01FF01 CLINDAMYCIN VIANEX BA FREE G Clindamycin (phosphate) - 600mg/4ml 600mg/4ml Injectable solution 201,576 L.L
L01EB02 MIRATA G Erlotinib (HCl) - 150mg 150mg Tablet, film coated 88,599,923 L.L
L02BG06 EXEMESTANE GP PHARM G Exemestane - 25mg 25mg Tablet, film coated 1,158,392 L.L
M01AE01 PROFINAL G Ibuprofen - 400mg 400mg Tablet, film coated 182,763 L.L
N02AA01 CHLORHYDRATE DE MORPHINE RENAUDIN G Morphine HCl - 20mg/ml 20mg/ml Injectable solution 1,100,607 L.L
N03AX16 PMS-PREGABALIN G Pregabalin - 150mg 150mg Capsule 2,534,487 L.L
N06AB03 PMS-FLUOXETINE G Fluoxetine (HCl) - 20mg 20mg Capsule 592,635 L.L
R06AE09 CALIVIDA G Levocetirizine dihydrochloride - 0.5mg/ml 0.5mg/ml Solution 1,158,264 L.L
L04AX04 LENOMA G Lenalidomide - 25mg 25mg Capsule, hard L.L
B01AF01 VAROXA G Rivaroxaban - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 1,343,843 L.L
B05CX01 10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Dextrose,H2O - 10g/100ml 10% Injectable solution 284,997 L.L
C02CA04 UNIPROST G Doxazosin - 4mg 4mg Tablet 452,875 L.L
C10AA05 TOVAST G Atorvastatin (calcium) - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 1,127,484 L.L
D07AC13 ELICA G Mometasone furoate micronized - 1mg/g 0.1% Ointment 399,121 L.L
J01CR02 MOXICLAV BIS G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 400mg/5ml, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 57mg/5ml 457mg/5ml Powder for suspension 287,582 L.L
J01FF01 CLINDAMYCIN-HAMELN G Clindamycin (phosphate) - 600mg/4ml 150mg/ml Injectable solution 3,535,650 L.L
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