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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
A11CC05 PEDIAVIT D G Vitamin D3 - 400IU 400IU Liquid 550,975 L.L
B03AD EURO-FER CF G Folic acid - 0.5mg, Vitamin C - 200mg, Ferrous fumarate - 300mg Capsule 706,861 L.L
B05XA01 CHLORURE DE POTASSIUM RENAUDIN G Potassium chloride - 7.46g/100ml 7.46% Injectable solution 385,683 L.L
C05CX GINKGO BIOGARAN G Ginkgo biloba extract - 40mg 40mg Tablet, coated 985,037 L.L
C09CA08 OLMENOR G Olmesartan medoxomil - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 667,890 L.L
C10AA07 ROXARDIO G Rosuvastatin (calcium) - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 720,525 L.L
D10BA01 CURACNE G Isotretinoin - 20mg 20mg Capsule, soft gelatin 1,603,204 L.L
G04CA02 TAMSU GENERICON RETARD G Tamsulosin - 0.4mg 0.4mg Capsule, hard, modified release 615,480 L.L
J01DD02 CEFTAZIDIME PANPHARMA G Ceftazidime (pentahydrate) - 1g 1g Injectable powder for solution 3,300,477 L.L
L01AX03 TEMOZOLOMIDE GP PHARM G Temozolomide - 100mg 100mg Capsule, hard 4,511,279 L.L
M01AH05 COXIFLAM G Etoricoxib - 90mg 90mg Tablet, film coated 1,293,928 L.L
N02BE01 PARA-DENK 125 SUPPOS. G Paracetamol - 125mg 125mg Suppository 190,826 L.L
N05AD01 HALOPERIDOL G Haloperidol - 2mg 2mg Tablet 252,130 L.L
N06AX21 PMS-DULOXETINE G Duloxetine HCl - 60mg 60mg Capsule, delayed release 976,973 L.L
S01AE07 FORTYMOX G Moxifloxacin (HCl) - 0.5% 0.5% Drops solution 772,709 L.L
A02BC05 EXONAR G Esomeprazole (magnesium trihydrate) - 20mg 20mg Capsule, delayed release 511,940 L.L
A11CC05 CHOLECALCIFEROL BIOGARAN G Vitamin D3 - 100,000UI/2ml 100,000UI Solution 115,570 L.L
B03AD VITEXFER G Folic acid - 1mg, Ascorbic acid - 200mg, Iron ferrous fumarate - 100mg Tablet, film coated 791,523 L.L
B05XA01 POTASSIUM CHLORIDE G Potassium chloride - 7.46g/100ml 7.46g/100ml Injectable solution 2,822,386 L.L
D10BA01 CURACNE G Isotretinoin - 5mg 5mg Capsule, soft gelatin 856,028 L.L
J01DD02 FORTECARE G Ceftazidime - 1g 1g Injectable powder for solution 10,011,695 L.L
J01RA MEDSPIRAGYL G Metronidazole - 125mg, Spiramycin - 750,000IU Tablet, scored 474,824 L.L
M01AH05 ETOXA G Etoricoxib - 90mg 90mg Tablet, film coated 1,293,928 L.L
N02BE01 SULDEX 125 G Paracetamol - 125mg 125mg Suppository 110,067 L.L
N05AD01 HALOPERIDOL G Haloperidol - 10mg 10mg Tablet 339,160 L.L
N06AX21 DULOXA 30 G Duloxetine HCl - 30mg 30mg Capsule, delayed release 716,716 L.L
S01AE07 IMOX G Moxifloxacin (HCl) - 0.5% 0.5% Drops 464,970 L.L
C02KX01 BOSENTAN ARROW G Bosentan (monohydrate) - 62.5mg 62.5mg Tablet, film coated L.L
A02BC05 NEXPRAZOL 20 G Esomeprazole - 20mg 20mg Tablet, enteric coated 275,168 L.L
A11CC05 ORAVIL G Vitamin D3 - 100,000IU/2ml 100,000IU Solution 618,168 L.L
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